Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) in India

WHAT IS BONE MARROW?

Bone marrow is a crucial part of your body because it is important for the proper functioning of your immune system. If your bone marrow is diseased and there aren’t enough white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets, then your body’s immune system becomes weak and you become prone to infections, disorders, and diseases.
This can do a lot of damage to your body and can potentially lead to fatal infections. This is why bone marrow transplant is done when the bone marrow is not functioning optimally, such as when you have bone marrow disease when the bone marrow dysfunction takes place. The cause of bone marrow destruction or damage varies from person to person and sometimes it is difficult to figure out bone marrow disease symptoms.
A bone marrow transplant could be recommended by your bone marrow transplant surgeon if your bone marrow shows an inability to produce stem cells. Bone marrow transplant helps people suffering from cancer-related diseases and in the case of bone marrow damage due to prolonged chemotherapy and radiation exposure.
With the help of a bone marrow transplant, your bone marrow can be rescued after it has been damaged as new stem cells will expedite the process of stem cell production.

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DISEASES AND CONDITIONS

Here are some of the most common problems that cause the need for a bone marrow transplant. If you suffer from any of these diseases, you need to consult with a bone marrow transplant specialist to understand your suitability for bone marrow transplantation.

• Congenital neutropenia: An inherited disorder that causes recurring infections
• POEMS syndrome: A rare blood disorder that damages the nerves and may affect many other parts of the body.
• Aplastic anemia: A disorder in which the marrow stops making new blood cells
• Neuroblastoma: Form of cancer caused due to immature nerve cells found in the body
• Sickle cell anemia: An inherited blood disorder that causes misshapen red blood cells
• Adrenoleukodystrophy
• Plasma cell disorder: A spectrum of progressively more severe monoclonal gammopathies in which a clone or multiple clones of premalignant or malignant plasma cells over-produce and secrete myeloma protein into the blood stream.
• Thalassemia: an inherited blood disorder where the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin, an integral part of red blood cells.
• Inborn errors of metabolism
• Bone marrow cancers such as leukemia, myeloma, or lymphoma

procedure is a process through which blood stem cells are transplanted in the bone marrow so that these healthy stem cells replace the cells that have been either damaged or destroyed in the bone marrow marrow is a procedure performed to replace damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy blood-forming stem cells. The bone marrow procedure is also referred to as a stem cell transplant.
Basically, bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue found in your bones. It is responsible for producing stem blood cells which further give rise to blood cells including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
A person may be required to undergo a bone marrow transplant in India if he/she suffers from any of the health complications mentioned below:

• Bone marrow diseases such as aplastic anemia.
• Blood cancers including leukemia or lymphoma.
• Other immune deficiencies and genetic disorders like sickle cell disease.

Types of Bone Marrow Transplant

Depending upon the donor, a bone marrow transplant procedure is categorized into three main types:

• Autologous bone marrow transplant: If the transplant is done using your own stem cells then it is defined as the autologous bone marrow transplant.
• Allogeneic bone marrow transplant: If the transplant is done using the bone cells from a donor based on his/her genetic match then it is defined as an Allogeneic bone marrow transplant.
• Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: This kind of transplantation involves the intravenous infusion of autologous or allogeneic stem cells for treating hematopoietic function in patients.

Here is the basic procedure followed by the specialists and Doctors at the top bone marrow transplant hospitals in India:
The stem cells in your healthy bone marrow are responsible for producing blood cells, especially leukocytes or white blood cells (WBCs) that are essential for the immune system. Blood cancers and associated treatment such as chemotherapy and radiation treatments deplete your bone marrow. Stem cell transplants help in regenerating new cells from the old cells to help your body create more cancer-free cells. The stem cells can be collected either from your own bloodstream or from that of a donor.

Here’s how the transplant process looks:

Before the transplant:

• Before the blood is drawn out, you or your donor will be injected with medicines to transfer blood-forming stem cells from your bone marrow to your bloodstream.
• The stem cells from you or your donor’s blood will be collected, separated from the bloodstream, and kept in a frozen state.
• You go through a conditioning treatment which involves high or low dose chemotherapy or radiation to kill the cancer cells and your own stem cells so as to replace them with new stem cells.

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During the transplant:

• The infusion procedure begins with you sitting in a chair and the infusion passing through a surgical line attached to your neck.
• You will be monitored for any fall in temperature or blood pressure and developing a fever.
• You may experience some side effects such as headache, nausea, and shortness of breath.

After the transplant:

• After the transplant is complete, your stem cells will start grafting to the bone marrow in a period of two to four weeks. Next, they will also start producing white blood cells, platelets, and red blood cells.
• In case the stem cells are from a donor, you will need to take antibiotics and anti-rejection medicines to help your body accept the transfused cells. You may also need transfused red blood cells, platelets, and nutrition.
• You may need to stay in a hospital for a month until your immune system starts functioning. It’s important to stay in a germ-free environment.
• You will need to visit the outpatient section so that the doctors can check your blood and bone marrow for any complications

Why is bone marrow transplant done?

A bone marrow transplant is a medical procedure that is done to replace destroyed or damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells. Bone marrow is the soft tissue that is present inside your bones, and it is responsible for producing blood cells. The healthy stem cells that are transferred are immature cells in the bone marrow, they will eventually stimulate the production of healthy blood cells.

What is the life expectancy after a bone marrow transplant?

Overall, the estimated survival of the bone marrow transplant is eighty percent; this means that the patient can have a healthy life for up to 20 years. It’s expected that twenty-five to forty percent of patients, over the age of 60, are expected to survive for three years or more. If the stem cell transplant is done during the first remission, then the disease-free survival rate can range from thirty to fifty percent. The life expectancy and results of the transplant can vary from person to person. However, a successful transplant will allow the patient to return to their normal routine and live a healthy life.

Who needs a bone marrow transplant?

A bone marrow transplant is usually performed when the patient’s marrow is damaged and cannot function properly. This is caused due to chronic diseases, infections, or a terminal illness like cancer. Patients who suffer from the following conditions needs a bone marrow transplant:

• Anemia- a disorder in which the marrow stops producing new blood cells
• Cancer- any cancer that affects the bone marrow like leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma
• Neutropenia- A genetic disorder that causes chronic infections
• Sickle cell anemia- a genetic blood disorder that can cause distorted red blood cells
• Thalassemia- This is an inherited blood disorder; here, the body produces an irregular type of hemoglobin.

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BLK-Max Hospital

Number of beds: 700
ICU Beds:               175
Airport Distance: 13 Km

About Hospital:

• BLK Super Speciality Hospital was established by Dr. B.L. Kapur  in 1959. It was inaugurated by the then Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru.
  
• BLK Super Speciality Hospital was established by Dr. B.L. Kapur  in 1959. It was inaugurated by the then Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru.
• BLK has a unique combination of the best in class technology, put to use by the best names in the professional circles to ensure world-class health care to all patients.

Indraprastha Apollo Hospital

No. of beds: 900
ICU Beds:     262
Airport:        20kms

Brief About:

• Indraprastha Apollo Hospital is a flagship hospital of India’s foremost healthcare groups,the Apollo Group. It is a highly renowned multi-speciality facility that offers tertiary and quaternary care services to domestic and international patients.
• The 900 bedded hospital is outfitted with the most modern technology for diagnostics as well as therapeutic purposes.
• A team of highly trained medical professionals work under all the 52 specialities at the hospital.

Max Super Specialist Hospital Saket

Number of beds:   500
ICU Beds:                 267
Airport Distance: 13 KM

Brief About:

• Max Super Speciality Hospital at Saket is one of the topmost healthcare service
• Providers in India. The multi-super speciality hospital has a capacity of over 500 beds, 250 functional beds. It is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities, advanced technologies.
• With the help of over 300 leading specialist Doctors, strong nursing staff, and state-of-the-art innovative medical tools.

Artemis Hospital Gurgaon

Number of beds:  600
ICU Beds:                185
Airport Distance: 19 Km

Brief About:

• Artemis Hospital, established in 2007, spread across 9 acres, is a 600plus bed; state-of-the-art multi-speciality hospital located in Gurgaon, India.
• Artemis Hospital is the first JCI and NABH accredited hospital in Gurgaon.
• Designed as one of the most advanced hospitals in India, Artemis provides a depth of expertise in the spectrum of advanced medical & surgical interventions, a comprehensive mix of inpatient and outpatient services.

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• Providing a doctor’s opinion and proper quotation
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Medanta The Medicity Hospital

Number of beds:  1250
ICU Beds:                300
Airport Distance: 18 KMs

Brief About:

• Medanta – The Medicity is amongst India’s largest and most renowned multi-super speciality healthcare centre with 1250 beds, 29 super speciality units and more than 800 accomplished doctors.
• Supported by state-of-art infrastructure, all the departments in the hospital are fully equipped with cutting-edge technology, modular Operation Theatre and modernized monitoring systems in ICUs.
• The panel of doctors from Medanta, headed by A.S.Soin performed the first successful intestinal transplant in India.

Fortis Memorial Research Institute

Number of beds:    1000
ICU Beds:                  298
Airport Distance:  17 KMs

Brief About:

• Fortis Memorial Research Institute was established in 2001.
• It is an outstanding multi-speciality quaternary care hospital,having the top-notch infrastructure, advanced equipment, highly qualified and experienced medical professionals and super sub-specialists.
• Fortis Hosptial Gurgaon is an advanced centre of excellence in Robotic Surgery, Neurosciences, Oncology, Renal Sciences, BMT, Organ Transplants, Orthopaedics, Cardiac Sciences and Obstetrics & Gynaecology.

Sanar International Hospital

Number of beds:   130
ICU Beds:                  35
Airport Distance:  20 Km

About Hospital:

• Sanar International Hospital was established in 2018.
• Sanar International Hospital founded by Mr. Naresh Kapoor.
• Sanar International Hospital offers comprehensive advanced surgical care in specialties like Cancer, Heart, Blood and Marrow Transplant, Lung, Liver, and Neurosciences along with other major departments with advanced state-of-the-art facilities.

W Pratiksha Hospital

Number of beds: 110
ICU Beds:                 31
Airport Distance: 19 KMs

About Hospital:

• Established in 1995, W Pratiksha Hospital is a 110+ bedded flagship hospital of the Pratiksha group.
• W Pratiksha Hospital in Gurgaon, the flagship hospital of Pratiksha Group is a one-of-its-kind facility in Gurgaon that brings to you 30 years of experience.
• The hospital has treated more than 25,000 people In 2018.
  

CK Birla Hospital

Number of beds:   75
ICU Beds:                15
Airport Distance: 20 Km

About hospital:

• The CK Birla Hospital for Women aims to improve the quality of healthcare with an emphasis on UK NHS guidelines for nurse and midwife training with policies and protocols adapted from UK’s National Institute for Health & Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines.
  
• Our state-of-the-art technology and facilities which have been set up by a team of international consultants.
  
• The hospital, spread over 78,000 sq ft having spacious patient rooms and suites with all amenities, outpatient rooms, advanced labour and recovery rooms, state-of-the-art diagnostics, physiotherapy unit, an advanced IVF unit with a modular egg collection theatre, andrology lab, IVF lab, IUI/embryo transfer facility and a cryo store.

Accord Superspeciality Hospital

Number of beds:   380+
ICU Beds:                  41
Airport Distance:  46 Km

About Hospital:

• The story of Accord began with the thought of leveraging the new age technology with the healthcare infrastructure to serve the patients, rightly, effectively, and timely.
• Accord Superspeciality Hospital (A Unit Of SCL Healthcare Pvt. Ltd) is India’s first smart hospital and one of the first of its kind in the world.
• Accord Superspeciality Hospital aims at providing technologically advanced healthcare services to international patients who are looking out for medical tourism in India.

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• Arranging video consultation with specialist doctor if case requires